The Subprime Solution:
How Today's Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to Do about It
By Robert J. Shiller
Princeton University Press, 2008
208 pp.

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The subprime mortgage crisis has already wreaked havoc on the lives of millions
of people and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy and economies around the world.
In this trenchant book, best-selling economist Robert Shiller reveals the origins of this
crisis and puts forward bold measures to solve it. He calls for an aggressive response--a
restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial system that will not only
allow people once again to buy and sell homes with confidence, but will create the
conditions for greater prosperity in America and throughout the deeply interconnected
world economy.
Shiller blames the subprime crisis on the irrational exuberance that drove the economy's
two most recent bubbles in stocks in the 1990s and in housing between 2000 and
2007. He shows how these bubbles led to the dangerous overextension of credit now
resulting in foreclosures, bankruptcies, and write-offs, as well as a global credit
crunch. To restore confidence in the markets, Shiller argues, bailouts are needed in the
short run. But he insists that these bailouts must be targeted at low-income victims of
subprime deals. In the longer term, the subprime solution will require leaders to revamp
the financial framework by deploying an ambitious package of initiatives to inhibit the
formation of bubbles and limit risks, including better financial information; simplified
legal contracts and regulations; expanded markets for managing risks; home equity
insurance policies; income-linked home loans; and new measures to protect consumers
against hidden inflationary effects.
This powerful book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how we got into
the subprime mess--and how we can get out.
Robert J. Shiller is the best-selling author of Irrational Exuberance and The
New Financial Order (both Princeton), among other books. He is the Stanley B. Resor
Professor of Economics at Yale University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| |
Acknowledgments |
ix |
| Chapter 1 |
Introduction |
1 |
| Chapter 2 |
Housing in History |
29 |
| Chapter 3 |
Bubble Trouble |
39 |
| Chapter 4 |
The Real Estate Myth |
69 |
| Chapter 5 |
A Bailout by Any Other Name |
87 |
| Chapter 6 |
The Promise of Financial Democracy |
115 |
| Chapter 7 |
Epilogue |
171 |
| |
Index |
179 |
REVIEWS
"With The Subprime Solution, Robert J. Shiller offers his formula to
protect us from repeating such disasters: more financial engineering. It would be easy to
sneer at this idea, but Mr. Shiller, an economics professor at Yale University, always
deserves a hearing.... In what he describes as a 'brief manifesto,' Mr. Shiller argues
that bailouts of distressed borrowers are inevitable to avoid wrecking our economy and
shredding our social fabric even though bailouts may punish the prudent (say,
through higher taxes) while comforting those who gambled on real estate and lost."
James R. Hagerty, Wall Street Journal
"In The Subprime Solution, [Shiller] briskly sketches out his views on
both short-term and long-term strategies for dealing with a housing meltdown thats
left millions of Americans a lot less wealthy and an unfortunate number at risk for
losing their homes.... The books most compelling discussion centers on the long-term
opportunities that lie in this crisis. Shiller describes how key parts of Americas
financial system--the Federal Reserve, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the
FDIC, to name only three were created in the reforms after earlier bank crises or
the Great Depression.... Shiller suggests that political leaders should look at the
current crisis as an opportunity to rethink the homebuying process and add new protections
to keep homeowners from getting in over their heads during a future bubble."
Daniel McGinn, Newsweek.com
"Yale University's Robert Shiller is one of the world's outstanding economic thinkers
and intellectual innovators, with a record of foresight that is the envy of his
profession.... His short, snappy and surprisingly far-reaching book on the subprime crisis
is as interesting and indispensible as you would expect.... The Subprime Solution
is an ambitious little volume.... It covers a remarkable amount of ground in less than 200
pages.... [T]he book's broad framing of the issues is novel and valuable, and its
arguments are always stimulating.... Shiller ... is an ardent financial-technology
optimist, and his book is a torrent of fascinating ideas. Anybody interested in the
subject must profit from reading it."
Clive Crook, Financial Times
"Robert J. Shiller explains how trillions of dollars of mortgage debt, based on
dubious loans to doubtful borrowers, were forfeited and how it can be fixed. An
influential economist, he offers insights into the growth of the credit bubble and
solutions for curing the ensuing chaos.... Shiller's reputation in economics, his majestic
prose style, his statistical proofs and his vast coterie of admirers suggest that at least
some of his recommendations will become part of U.S. mortgage regulation.... For those who
want to figure out how to fix the global credit crisis that has developed as a result of
Americans' inability or unwillingness to read their mortgage contracts, The Subprime
Solution is vital reading. It is advocacy built on faith that government does good,
that intervention never produces unintended results and that there is no other way to fix
the mortgage mess."
Andrew Allentuck, The Globe & Mail
"In his new book, The Subprime Solution, the Yale University professor
sounds an alarm that the credit crunch, now early in its second year, poses a dire risk.
His text is a stimulating, rapid response to current events and a forceful demand
for dramatic action from Washington, where, he says, the White House and Congress have
been 'totally inadequate' to the task.... [A] storehouse of valuable, provocative ideas
awaits the reader of The Subprime Solution."
Christopher Farrell, BusinessWeek
"In The Subprime Solution, he argues that what united the missteps by the
Federal Reserve, mortgage brokers, Wall Street bankers, and home buyers that together
brought on the current financial mess was a shared belief that house prices never go down.
What's the antidote to that kind of mass delusion? Shiller seems to have no interest in
substituting his judgment, or the government's, for the market's. Instead, he sees
information and innovation as the counter to group think."
Justin Fox, Time
"Robert J. Shiller's clear-eyed look at what happened in the U.S. housing market
and what might be done about it is not keen to attribute blame to the actors
in the drama. He explains that the development of subprime mortgages in the Nineties was
welcomed as a way of extending home ownership to those once locked out of the market, and
it was not the dishonesty of the mortgage lenders, or the greed of bankers, that led to
the bubble. There was dishonesty and greed, but these were the result of the bubble, not
its cause."
Tim Worstall, The Telegraph
"American optimism: Is there any investment bubble it can't fuel? Consider the
excesses of the housing market, the effects of which are roiling the global economy. As
Yale University economist Robert Shiller demonstrates in his short, whip-smart new book The
Subprime Solution, there was a contagion at work that helped pushed home prices to
unsustainable levels.... Shiller's views are grounded in exhaustive research and
penetrating analysis. The Subprime Solution should be read by anyone with assets at
risk in the global financial crisis and a desire to fix things ahead of the next crisis.
Which is to say, all of us."
Robert Elder, Austin American-Statesman
"Robert Shiller's got an argument that will make some peoples' heads explode in
his new book The Subprime Solution we need more speculation in the housing
market.... I said above that this solution will make some peoples' heads explode, that the
solution to an excess of speculation is to create a market in yet more speculation. Yet in
this case it is indeed true, this is a valid solution."
Tim Worstall, The Register
"[The Subprime Solution] is short, punchy and political. Shiller is a
top-flight academic economist who has often warned of the tendency of markets towards
irrational exuberance, and of the harmful consequences that follow. He is rightly scathing
towards the 'boosters' who kept assuring us that house prices only rise, and he gains
authority for having spoken out during the boom, when it was an unpopular position to
hold.... Shiller's debunking of house price myths is masterful. Especially important is
his rubbishing of the concept of scarcity ... Shiller's explanations are sophisticated and
intelligent, and they are also admirably clear."
Michael Savage, Fund Strategy
"The Subprime Solution, his postmortem on irrational exuberance in the
real estate market, is superb, even for general-interest readers otherwise confused by the
whole mess. Though his introduction reads a bit like an arid position paper, his
insistence on the fundamentally psychological, rather than economic, basis of the boom is
supple and fascinating."
Andrew Rosenblum, New York Observer
"If you're unfamiliar with Robert Shiller then understand that he is perhaps the
most eminent and considered examiner of modern investment bubbles.... Shiller's new book, The
Subprime Solution, is a concise attempt to elaborate in just seven short chapters the
genesis of the housing bubble, explode its myths, explore its scale and the dangers of its
deepening impact, assert the need to maintain confidence in our economic and financial
institutions by aggressive action, and then explore longer-term, more fundamental reforms
and innovations that will create a population much more attuned to economic risk.... There
are many more recommendations, but if this book has the ambition of Keynes' earlier work,
and the scale of the problem is as suggested, I'd argue that the book is as accessible as
you are going to get from such a modern behavioural economics guru. It's a book that
everyone who lives in a house should own; just don't buy ten and try to rent them out to
friends."
The Knackered Hack
ENDORSEMENTS
"Robert Shiller is two for two in predicting and identifying bubbles that will
burst. This book is a must read for anyone predicting future bubbles or charting the
course of recovery from our current difficulties."
Lawrence H. Summers, Harvard University
"The subprime crisis has visited ruin on thousands of Americans, and it threatens the
health of the global economy. In this timely and fascinating book, Robert Shiller, an
expert on irrational behavior in financial markets, conducts a postmortem. How could so
many smart people have been so wrong? Shiller concludes that unchecked financial
innovation works poorly in asset markets, and he describes the institutions needed to
prevent future bubbles."
Gregory Clark, author of A Farewell to Alms
"Reading this exciting book is like watching a skilled surgeon at work. The
diagnosis of the subprime mortgage mess is biting in its intensity the best I have
seen and encompasses the human tragedy as well as the economic and financial
crisis. The recommended therapy develops logically from Shiller's analysis and is unique
in concept as well as powerful in application. The crystal-clear writing style makes his
manifesto a pleasure to read."
Peter L. Bernstein, author of Capital Ideas: The
Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street and Capital Ideas Evolving
"Robert Shiller is a visionary."
Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of The Black Swan: The
Impact of the Highly Improbable
"Rigorous, innovative, and accessible, The Subprime Solution is a
wonderful book that will appeal to a wide audience. Robert Shiller is uniquely qualified
to analyze the recent unprecedented problems in the mortgage and housing markets, and the
way they have spilled over into the wider credit markets. He has again proven his ability
to communicate complex ideas and evidence about financial markets."
Diane Coyle, author of The Soulful Science |