Biographies of Staff, Fellows, and Guests, 1932–1952

Names of guests are marked by an asterisk (*)

STEPHEN G. ALLEN (M.A. in economics, University of Chicago, 1950) was a research assistant at the Cowles Commission in 1949. Prior to coming to the University of Chicago in 1946, he studied at the University of Texas, 1941–44, and served in the U.S. Naval Reserve, 1944–46. In 1950 he became a research assistant in the Department of Statistics at Stanford University, and was made a research associate in the Applied Mathematics and Statistics Laboratory in the following year. While at Stanford, Allen undertook further work toward a Ph.D. degree in statistics and was elected to Sigmi Xi. Since 1951, he has been a research consultant of the U.S. Treasury Department, on which behalf he is currently participating in an econometric study of the petroleum industry. He became a research consultant of the Cowles Commission in December 1950, and this autumn will rejoin the staff to conclude work on a study of the linseed oil industry. In the spring of 1953 he will join the faculty of the School of Business Administration of the University of Minnesota. A contribution by Allen is included in Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming). 
     See CFPs by Stephen G. Allen

THEODORE W. ANDERSON (B.S., Northwestern University, 1939; M.A., 1942 and Ph.D., 1945, Princeton University) has been with the Commission as a research associate, November 1945 through June 1947, and as a research consultant since that time. He is currently an associate professor of mathematical statistics at Columbia University. Earlier he was an instructor at Princeton University, 1941–43, and a research mathematician in the Statistical Research Group, Princeton, 1943–45. In 1947, he took leave of absence from his position as assistant professor of mathematical statistics at Columbia to do research work as a Guggenheim Fellow at the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Stockholm, September 1947 through April 1948, and at the Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, April–June 1948. He has served as a consultant of the Bureau of Applied Social Research since 1947 and in 1951 was appointed to the Board of Governors of that organization. He is a consultant of the RAND Corporation. Anderson has served as editor of the Annals of Mathematical Statistics since 1951, is a member of the executive committee and council of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and is a representative of the Institute on an intersociety committee to study the mathematical training appropriate for social scientists. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1947, of the American Statistical Association in 1949, and of the Econometric Society in 1950. His articles have appeared in Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Econometrica, Journal of American Statistical Association, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Proceedings of the International Statistical Conferences, Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Psychometrika, Skandinavirk Aktuarietidskrift, and Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950. 
     See CFPs by Theodore W. Anderson

WILLIAM H. ANDREWS (B.S., 1933 and A.M., 1937, Indiana University; Ph.D. in economics, University of Chicago, 1949) was a research associate of the Cowles Commission from July 1943 to March, 1944. He then became an ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve. Andrews was an instructor in economics at Purdue University, 1937–41, a fellow at the University of Chicago, 1942–43, and a research associate of the Department of Economics, 1943–44. At the present time he is assistant professor of economics at Indiana University and is currently doing research in the fields of taxation and national income. An article by Andrews has appeared in Econometrica.
     See CFPs by William H. Andrews

KENNETH J. ARROW (B.S., College of the City of New York, 1940; M.A., 1941 and Ph.D., 1950, Columbia University) served in the Weather Division of the Army Air Force, 1941–46. He was an instructor in economics at College of the City of New York, summer session, 1946; and an assistant in statistics, School of Business, Columbia University, in the fall of 1946. He joined the Cowles Commission as a research associate in April, 1947, and was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Economics, the University of Chicago, October, 1948. In addition to regular teaching and research duties, he helped in the editing of the Journal of Political Economy and did consultative work during the winter of 1948 with the U.S. Bureau of the Budget and for a project of the RAND Corporation. Arrow became a research consultant of the Commission upon accepting an appointment at Stanford University in July 1949, where he is now associate professor of economics and statistics. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1951. He is an editorial collaborator of the Journal of the American Statistical Association. His papers have appeared in the American Economic Review, Econometrica, George Washington University Logistics Papers, Journal of Meteorology, Journal of Political Economy, and Mathematical Reviews. Contributions by Arrow have appeared in Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951; The Policy Sciences, 1951; and Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1951. His book, Social Choice and Individual Values, was published in 1951.
     See CFPs by Kenneth J. Arrow

SELMA SCHWEITZER ARROW* was appointed a Sarah Frances Hutchinson Cowles Fellow in 1946. The fellowship was awarded to students preparing for advanced degrees in the fields of the social sciences and statistics, with preference to students who would be working on quantitative economics or mathematical statistics.

EARL F. BEACH*, professor of commerce and chairman of the Department of Economics, McGill University, participated in the research discussions of the Commission and of the Committee on Statistics of the University of Chicago during the academic year, 1949–50.

MARTIN J. BECKMANN (Vordiplom in mathematics, University of Goettingen, 1947; Diplom in economics 1949 and Dr. ver. pol., 1950, University of Freiburg) was an assistant of L. Miksch at the University of Freiburg in 1950 prior to becoming a postdoctoral fellow in political economy at the University of Chicago, 1950–51. Beckmann became a research associate with the Cowles Commission, July 1951. Currently he is working on location and transportation efficiency and the best utilization of roads. He has published in American Economic Review, Econometrica, and Weltwirtshaftliches Archiv.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Martin J. Beckmann

HERMAN G. BIERI*, who received his doctorate from the University of Bern, Switzerland, came to the Commission under a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation. His interest while at the Commission centered around mathematical methods in economics with special application to welfare economics. An article is to be published in Ammonn's Festschrift and in the Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik which is a fruit of the visit at the Commission.

PETTER JAKOB BJERVE*, while research fellow of the University of Oslo and chief of the national economic planning unit in the Norwegian Ministry of Trade, was with the Commission from September, 1948, to April 1949, as a Rockefeller Fellow. He returned to Oslo to become director of the Norwegian Central Bureau of Statistics. His research interests include the theory of economic planning.

EDWARD BOORSTEIN (B.S., College of the City of New York, 1936; M.A. Columbia University, 1940) joined the staff in the autumn of 1946 as a research associate with the rank of instructor in the study of the economics of atomic energy. Boorstein was economic assistant to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1940–41; economist, War Production Board, 1941–43; and economist, Civilian Production Administration, 1946. He continued his work with the Commission until December 1947, at which time he went to Berlin, Germany, to work as an economist-statistician with the U.S. Army Occupation Forces. Boorstein contributed to Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950.

GEORGE H. BORTS* was in residence at the Commission as a fellow of the Social Science Research Council in 1949–50, and continued as a guest of the Commission until the late summer of 1950, at which time he became assistant professor of economics at Brown University. A summary of the results of his research while at the Commission was published as an article in Econometrica.
     See CFPs by George H. Borts

JEAN ANDRUS BRONFENBRENNER (B.A. in economics, University of Chicago, 1939; M.A. in mathematics, University of Colorado, 1945; M.A. in economics, University of Chicago, 1950) became a research assistant with the Cowles Commission in July 1948. She was a teaching assistant in mathematics at the University of Colorado, 1943–44; instructor in mathematics at the University of Arizona, 1945–46; and a teaching assistant in mathematics and statistics at the University of Wisconsin, 1947–48. Mrs. Bronfenbrenner continued as a research assistant of the Cowles Commission until October 1949, at which time she joined the faculty of the University of Illinois as research associate and assistant professor of economics. In November 1951, she accepted a position with the Office of Business Economics, Department of Commerce. She has had papers published in Econometrica, National Tax Journal, and Survey of Current Business. A contribution by her appears in Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).

KARL BRUNNER* (Ph.D., University of Zurich) was a guest of the Commission under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation throughout most of the period from January 1950 through June 1951. He is now on the economics faculty at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he is currently working on a research project on the behavior of the financial sector. Brunner was a temporary consultant to the Economic Commission for Europe, an economic adviser to the Swiss Watch Chamber of Commerce, and a research associate at the Swiss Institute for Research in International Economics at the Handelschochschule, St. Gallen. Articles published by him have appeared in Econometrica and Kyklos. In 1944 the following book was published in Zurich: Studies in the Theory of International Trade.

EDWARD N. CHAPMAN (B.A., Yale University, 1917; M.D., Harvard University, 1911) was a research associate of the Cowles Commission from 1936 to 1941. For several years prior to that time he had devoted himself to economic research. Chapman is at present director of the Division of Tuberculosis Assistance for the Colorado Department of Public Welfare.

HERMAN CHERNOFF (B.A., College of the City of New York, 1943; Sc. M., 1945 and Ph.D. in applied mathematics, 1948, Brown University) became a research assistant with the Cowles Commission in June 1947. In 1946–47 he was a National Research Council Predoctoral Fellow. In the spring of 1948 he became a research associate of the Cowles Commission and supervised the computational work of the Commission. In the winter of 1948 he taught mathematical statistics at the Illinois Institute of Technology. He became an assistant professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Illinois in 1949 and was made an associate professor of mathematics in 1951. He is now an associate professor in the Department of Statistics at Stanford University. Chernoff was appointed a research consultant of the Commission in October 1951. His articles have been published in the American Journal of Mathematics, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, and Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. Contributions by Chernoff appear in Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).
     See CFPs by Herman Chernoff

JOHN CHIPMAN (B.A., and M.A., McGill University; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University) was a guest of the Cowles Commission, 1950–51, while holding a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. Since 1951 he has been an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University. Chipman was elected to Phi Beta Kappa at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of The Theory of Inter-Sectoral Money Flows and Income Formation, 1951, and has published articles in the Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Econometrica, Economia Internationale, and Economic Journal.
     See CFPs by John Chipman

CARL F. CHRIST (B.S. in physics, 1943 and Ph.D. in economics, 1950, University of Chicago) was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1943. He was a junior physicist in the Manhattan Project, 1943–45, and an instructor in physics, Princeton University, 1945–46. In 1947 he received the Harper fellowship in economics at the University of Chicago. During his tenure as a Social Science Research Council Fellow, 1948–50, he participated as a member of the Commission's staff, becoming a research associate in September 1949. The following year he became an assistant professor of political economy at the Johns Hopkins University. At that time he was appointed a research consultant of the Commission in connection with work he is doing with Marschak on an introduction to econometrics for a monograph. His current research interests includes a critical evaluation of input-output analysis. Papers and reviews written by Christ have been published in American Economic Review, Conference on Business Cycles, and Journal of Political Economy.
     See CFPs by Carl F. Christ

GERSHON COOPER (A.B., University of Chicago, 1942.) assisted Haavelmo in work on agricultural models for a joint project of the Agricultural Economics Research Group and the Cowles Commission. He began this work in December 1946, on a part-time basis. During the spring quarter of 1947 he participated in leadership of a university seminar on Agricultural Demand Analysis. Cooper was a research associate of the Commission, 1947–48. More recently he has been a staff member of the RAND Corporation. Articles of his have been published in the Journal of Farm Economics and Quarterly Journal of Economics.
     See CFPs by Gershon Cooper

ALFRED COWLES (B.A., Yale University, 1913) was the founder of the Cowles Commission and has been its president since the beginning. For ten years prior to its foundation he maintained a private organization for statistical research on problems of investment and finance. He is a Fellow of the American Association for Advancement of Science and the Econometric Society (treasurer); trustee of the Chicago Historical Society, Colorado College, and Illinois Children's Home & Aid Society (treasurer); a director of Chicago Maternity Center, Home for Destitute Crippled Children, Passavant Memorial Hospital (treasurer), and Tribune Company and affiliated corporations. He is the author of Common Stock Indexes, 1939 and contributed to Econometrica and Journal of American Statistical Association.
     See CFPs by Alfred Cowles

FORREST DANSON (A.B., Colorado College, 1929) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission as a research associate at its beginning in 1932 and remained with the Commission until March, 1943. He made various studies of common-stock prices and took part in the fieldwork of the study of price control. In 1943 he took a statistical position in the Army Air Force Materiel Command at Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. He is now chief, Budget Section, Plans and Programs Office and Directorate, Procurement and Industrial Planning, Air Materiel Command, U.S. Air Force.

HAROLD T. DAVIS (A.B., 1915 and Ll.D., 1949, Colorado College; A.M., Harvard University, 1919; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, 1926) has been associated with the Cowles Commission since its beginning, spending several months each year in the Commission's laboratory while it was at Colorado Springs and serving as a consultant throughout the balance of the time. From February to August 1937, he was acting research director. He has been professor of mathematics at Indiana University, 1923–37, and at Northwestern University since 1937, becoming full professor and chairman of the Department of Mathematics in 1942. Davis is a Fellow of the Econometric Society. He is an associate editor of Econometrica, and has served in the same capacity for Isis and the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. During the past year he continued studies in the field of political statistics and has submitted several books for publication. Numerous papers, abstracts, and reviews have been published in American Mathematical Monthly, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, National Mathematics Magazine, School Science and Mathematics, and Science. He is the author of the following books: The Volterra Integral Equation, 1930; Philosophy and Modern Science, 1931; Tables of the Higher Mathematical Functions, 1933, Vol. II, 1935; Elements of Statistics (with F. C. Nelson), 1935; General Mathematics, 1935; Theory of Linear Operators, 1936; College Algebra, 1940; Theory of Econometrics, 1941; Mathematical Monograph, 1941; The Analysis of Economic Time Series, 1941; Political Statistics, 1948; Essays in History of Mathematics, 1948; Differential Equations and Mathematical Physics, 1949; Quantitative Aspects of the Action of Carcinogenic Substances, 1951; and Quantitative Aspects of the Carcinogenic Radiations, 1952.

JOEL DEAN (A.B., Pomona College, 1929; M.B.A., Harvard University, 1929; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1936) joined the Cowles Commission staff as a research associate in September 1939. He was on the staff of the International Business Machines Corporation, 1930–32; assistant professor of economics, Indiana University, 1934–37; consulting economist, McKinsey, Wellington and Co., 1937–38; executive secretary of the Conference on Price Research, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1938–39; and assistant professor of statistics and marketing, the School of Business, and director of the Institute of Statistics, the University of Chicago, 1939. In 1941 he went on leave of absence to become a price executive in the Office of Price Administration, where he later became director of fuel rationing. He was associated with McKinsey and Co. as a management consultant, 1944–46. In 1944 he was a visiting professor at the School of Business, Columbia University and in 1945 resigned from the Commission to accept a position as professor of business economics there. At present he is a partner in Joel Dean Associates, economic and management consultants; a director of the American Marketing Association; a member of the planning council of the American Management Association; a director of American Hard Rubber Co.; and trustee of the Bureau of University Travel. Dean is on the editorial board of the Journal of Marketing and is an associate editor of the Journal of Industrial Economics. His current research is on managerial economics. Articles by him have appeared in Accounting Review, American Economic Review, Australian Accountant, Harvard Business Review, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Business, Journal of Marketing, and Zeitschrift für 0konometrie. He is the author of the following books: Statistical Determination of Cost, 1936; The Management Counsel Profession, 1940; Statistical Cost Functions of a Hosiery Mill, 1941; The Relation of Cost to Output, 1941; The Long-Run Behavior of Costs (with J.W. James), 1942; Cost Behavior and Price Policies (others), 1942; Social Control of Business (ed. with E. Hoover), 1942; Pricing from the Seller’s Standpoint, 1949; Managerial Economics, 1951; and Capital Budgeting, 1951.

GERARD DEBREU (Agrégé de l'Université, 1946) joined the Cowles Commission as a research associate in June, 1950, upon completion of a Rockefeller fellowship under which he studied at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the Universities of Chicago, Uppsala, and Oslo. Earlier he studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 1941–44, prior to serving in the French army, 1944–45. From October 1946 to December 1948, he was attaché de recherches at the Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique, assistant professor of mathematics at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, professor at the Ecole d'Application de l'Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques at the Collége Libre des Science Sociales et Economiques, and director of a seminar on economic theory at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines. In June, 1951, he was appointed assistant professor in the Cowles Commission. Currently he is conducting research on the existence of an equilibrium for social systems, application to a competitive economy, numerical representations of technological change, structure of linear models and nonnegative square matrices, zero-sum two-person games, loss of efficiency due to a system of indirect taxes and subsidies, and real representation of a preference ordering. Debreu has published articles in Econometrica.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Gerard Debreu

GLAUCO DELLA PORTA* received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Rome and is now assistant professor of economics there. He came to the Cowles Commission on a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation. His research interests during his visit concerned the various approaches to short-term forecasting. Resulting from this two papers have been written in manuscript form, A Critical Appraisal of the Various Approaches to Short-Term Forecasting" and "Hick's Trade Cycle Model Revised" (tentative title).

BAREND A. DE VRIES (Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1951) studied at the University of Utrecht, 1942–46. He joined the Commission as a research assistant in August, 1946, and continued through July, 1948. While at the Commission he aided in the supervision and improvement of computational work which applied statistical methods developed by the staff. During 1946–48 he held a scholarship in the Department of Economics, the University of Chicago. Since 1949 he has been an economist with the International Monetary Fund where he is currently conducting research on monetary and commercial problems in international trade and on policy and analytical problems in economic growth and development. He held a research training fellowship of the Social Science Research Council in 1951. Papers by de Vries have appeared in the Staff Papers of the International Monetary Fund.

NATHAN J. DIVINSKY (B.S., University of Manitoba, 1946; M.S., 1947 and Ph.D., 1950, University of Chicago) joined the staff as a research associate in June 1949, to supervise the computational work of the Commission. In this connection he participated in a conference on computing machines at Harvard University in September 1949. During the year prior to joining the Commission he was a teaching assistant in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Chicago. In July 1950, he left the Commission to become assistant professor of mathematics at Ripon College. Divinsky spent the summer of 1951 teaching at the University of Southern Illinois, and in September of that year entered upon his present position as assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Manitoba. He was elected to Sigma Xi in 1950. A contribution by Divinsky appears in Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).

EVSEY D. DOMAR (B.A., University of California at Los Angeles, 1939; A.M. in mathematics, University of Michigan, 1941; M. A., 1943 and Ph.D., 1947, Harvard University) was a teaching fellow at University of Michigan, 1940–41, and at Harvard University, 1941–43. In 1943 he joined the Division of Research and Statistics of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. In 1946 he returned to academic pursuits as an assistant professor of economics at Carnegie Institute of Technology, and in 1947 joined the University of Chicago with the same rank. He also taught at George Washington University, summer 1944, and the University of Michigan, summer 1946. Domar became a research associate in the Cowles Commission in July 1947, and continued with the Commission and as assistant professor of economics until July 1948. At that time he accepted his present position as associate professor of political economy at the Johns Hopkins University. He taught at the College of the University of Chicago, summer 1948, and at the University of Buffalo, spring 1949. Since 1951 he has been a visiting associate professor at the Russian Institute of Columbia University. He was chairman of the Russian Economics Project, Operations Research Office, Johns Hopkins University, 1949–51. Domar has also been consultant for the RAND Corporation since 1951. In September 1952, he goes to Oxford University as a lecturer on a Fulbright grant for a year. His current field of interest is in the theory of economic growth and soviet economics. His articles have been published in the American Economic Review and Econometrica.
     See CFPs by Evsey D. Domar

WILLIAM L. DUNAWAY (A.B. in business administration, 1949 and M.A. in mathematical statistics, 1952., University of California) was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi in 1949. He came to the University of Chicago on a William Rainey Harper fellowship, and became a research assistant of the Cowles Commission in January 1952. Prior to service in the army, 1942–46, he attended Cameron College, 1939–41, and was a reporter for various daily newspapers in Oklahoma, becoming city editor of the Woodward Daily Press. He is currently working on a study with Houthakker on futures trading.

ARYCH DVORETZKY is a consultant for the Cowles Commission. He is at present professor of mathematics at Hebrew University, Israel. He has formerly been associated with Columbia University, Cornell University, and the Institute of Numerical Analysis of the National Bureau of Standards at the University of California, Los Angeles. He participated actively in the conference on decision-making and uncertainty held at the Cowles Commission, November 1951. During 1951–52, he was research consultant on the Cowles Commission project on decision-making under uncertainty. He has published articles in the Annals of Mathematical Statistics and Econometrica.

MICHAEL FARRELL* received the Ph.D. degree from Oxford University, England, in philosophy, politics, and economics. He came to the Cowles Commission under a Commonwealth Fund fellowship. While here he has participated in many of the Commission's activities and has worked on the application of activity analysis to the theory of the firm. He has also presented a paper, Irreversible Demand Functions," later published in Econometrica, April 1951, which had resulted from his research with the Department of Applied Economics of Cambridge University.

KARL OLAF FAXÉN* received his fil.kand. at the University of Uppsala, 1944, and his fil. lic. at the University of Stockholm, 1951. He came to the University on a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship. His interest while at the Commission centered around decision-making under uncertainty and the theory of organizations. He also presented the papers, "Note on Marschak's Model of an Arbitrage Firm" and "Games with Non-Measurable Utilities."

MARIANNE ABELES FERBER was a part-time research assistant during the first half of 1946 while she was a fellow of the Department of Economics, the University of Chicago. During her association with the Commission she collected statistical data for Klein's studies on economic models in the United States. From September 1946, until October 1948, she worked in the Economic Section of the Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). During 1947 and 1948 she taught evening courses at Hunter College. Currently Mrs. Ferber is working on her Ph.D. thesis in economics at the University of Chicago.

FRANÇOISE FERDINAND-DREYFUS*, formerly of the Institute of Statistics University of Paris, studied at the Cowles Commission from October 1947, to July 1948, on a Sarah Frances Hutchinson Cowles fellowship. She is now a member of the Econometric Seminar at the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and is a statistician at the Institut National de Securité.

KIRK FOX (M.A. in economics, University of Chicago, 1951) became a research assistant at the Commission in November 1950. This position he held until February, 1952., at which time he became a research associate in the Departments of Food Technology and Agricultural Economics, University of Illinois. During 1951–52, he lectured on elementary and intermediate statistics at the School of Commerce, Northwestern University, and compiled information for an analytical subject guide and index to Econometrica. His current research concerns the most efficient pattern for the over-all movement of empty railroad cars from points of availability to points of need and various aspects of the economics of food processing industries.

GIOVANNI GERA*, a lawyer, is a member of the Faculty of Jurisprudence at the University of Rome. While at the Commission he gathered material for a paper on the incidence of a tax on profit.

MURRAY GERSTENHABER (B.S., Yale University, 1948; M.S., 1949 and Ph.D., 1951, University of Chicago) was with the Commission as a research assistant, May to December 1949. He held a fellowship in the Department of Mathematics while at the University of Chicago and, in addition to his association with the Commission, served as a research assistant in that Department from September, 1949, until June, 1950. Gerstenhaber received an Atomic Energy Commission predoctoral fellowship, 1950–51, and a Frank B. Jewett postdoctoral fellowship in mathematics, 1951–53. He was at Harvard University during 1951–52 and will be at the Institute for Advanced Study during the coming year. He contributed to Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951.

MEYER A. GIRSHICK (A.B., 1932; M.A., 1934; and Ph.D. in mathematical statistics, 1946, Columbia University) served as a research consultant of the Cowles Commission during 1946 and 1947. In 1948 he entered upon his present position as professor of mathematical statistics at Stanford University. Previous to this he was a research statistician at Columbia University, 1935–37; associate statistician, Bureau of Home Economics, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1937–39; instructor, Graduate School, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1937–47; principal statistician, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 1939–44, 1945–46; principal statistician, National Defense Research Committee, 1944–45; with the U S. Bureau of the Census, 1946–47; and research mathematician, Douglas Aircraft Co., 1947–48. He was president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1952. and is a Fellow of that Society, and of the American Statistical Association. Girshick has made numerous contributions to mathematical statistics and statistical economics and particularly to the theory of sequential analysis.
     See CFPs by Meyer A. Girshick

Miss HENDRIEKE GORIS*, who obtained the degree economisch doctoranda at the Netherlands School of Economics in 1949, visited the United States on a Fulbright Smith–Mund scholarship. While at the University of Chicago she gathered material for a Ph.D. dissertation on tobacco markers in the United States. She presented a paper before a joint meeting of the Cowles Commission staff and the Agricultural Economics Research Group entitled, "Tobacco Production and Distribution in the United States."

JOHN GURLAND (M.A. in mathematics, University of Toronto, 1942; Ph.D. in mathematical statistics, University of California, 1948) was appointed assistant professor in September, 1949, jointly in the Cowles Commission and in the Committee on Statistics of the University of Chicago. Earlier he was at the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, 1944, and on a war research project at the Statistical Laboratory of the University of California in 1945. During 1948–49 he was Benjamin Peirce Instructor in Mathematics at Harvard University. He is now at the Statistics Laboratory, Iowa State College. He has published an article (with E.W. Barankin) in the University of California Publications in Statistics, 1951.
     See CFPs by John Gurland

SOPHIA GOGEK (B.A., University of Alberta, 1943; M.A., University of Chicago, 1946) was a part-time research assistant during 1945 while she was a fellow of the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. In 1943–44 she was awarded the Charles R. Waigreen scholarship, in 1944–45 a Marshall Field fellowship, and in 1945–46 a University fellowship. Since 1946 she has been an economic analyst with the Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). Her current research is on the study of trade relationships between the United States and various areas of the world.

TRYGVE HAAVELMO (Cand. Oecon., 1933 and Ph.D., 1946, University of Oslo) became associated with the Cowles Commission in July, 1943. He was in residence at Chicago as an instructor in the Department of Economics and a member of the Agricultural Economics Research Group from January, 1946, to March, 1947, at which time he returned to Norway, continuing his connection with the Commission as a research consultant, Haavelmo was a research assistant at the University Institute of Economics in Oslo, Norway, 1933–38, and lecturer in statistical theory at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, 1938–39. He studied at various European universities and in 1939–42, at American universities on an American Scandinavian Foundation fellowship and a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship. In 1942–44 he was statistician of the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission in New York, and in 1944–45 he was commercial secretary of the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Washington. He also served as consultant to the Norwegian Department of Commerce and vice-chairman of the Norwegian Economic Co-ordination Council. In April 1948, he was appointed professor of economics at the University of Oslo. He also lectured at the Universities of Aarhus and Copenhagen. In January 1950, he served as delegate to the United Nations Economic and Employment Commission, during which time he also visited the Cowles Commission and participated in staff discussions. Haavelmo is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. His contributions have been published in Econometrica, Journal of Farm Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Review of Economics and Statistics, Review of Economic Studies, and Statsøkonomisk Tidsskrift. He has also contributed to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950 and Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).
     See CFPs by Trygve Haavelmo

ANDERS HALD*, professor of statistics at the University of Copenhagen, was a guest of the Commission as a Rockefeller Fellow in 1948. After his return to Copenhagen he became dean of the Faculties of Economics, Law, and Statistics at the University. He is the author of The Decomposition of a Series of Observations Composed of a Trend, a Periodic Movement and a Stochastic Variable, 1948.

ARNOLD C. HARBERGER (M.A., 1947 and Ph.D., 1950, University of Chicago) was on the staff of the Cowles Commission as a research assistant, March through October 1949. He studied at the Johns Hopkins University, 1941–43, and served in the army, 1943–46. He attended the University of Chicago on a scholarship, 1947–48, and on a Marshall Field fellowship, 1948–49. In 1949 he left the Commission to become an assistant professor of economics at the Johns Hopkins University. From June to September 1950, he served as an economist for the International Monetary Fund. During 1951 he served as a staff consultant to the President's Materials Policy Commission. At the present time Harberger holds a three-year faculty research fellowship at Johns Hopkins provided by the Social Science Research Council. Articles by him have been published in the Journal of Political Economy and in Resources for Freedom, the report of the President’s Materials Policy Commission.
     See CFPs by Arnold C. Harberger

ALBERT G. HART (A.B., Harvard University, 1930; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1936) was a research consultant of the Cowles Commission in 1945–46. He did graduate work in Vienna and Germany, 1930–31, and in London, 1934–35. Hart was a teaching assistant during 1931–33, and an instructor from 1934 through 1939, at the University of Chicago; an economic analyst, U.S. Treasury Department, 1934; lecturer, University of California, autumn, 1936; research director, Committee on Debt Adjustment of the Twentieth Century Fund, 1937–38; professor, Iowa State College, 1939–45; consultant in residence, U.S. Treasury Department, 1943–44; and research economist, Committee for Economic Development, 1944–46. In 1946 he went to Columbia University as a visiting professor, at which institution he is now professor of economics. From 1949 until 1951, he was the research director of the Economic Stabilization Study of the Twentieth Century Fund. Since 1949, he has been an editorial consultant in economics for Harcourt Brace & Co. He has been active in the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth and is a member of the executive committee of the American Economic Association. Papers by Hart have appeared in the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Review of Economics and Statistics, Review of Economic Studies, and Studies in Income and Wealth. He is the author of Debts and Recovery, 1938; Anticipations, Uncertainty and Dynamic Planning, 1940; Paying for Defense (with E.D. Allen and others), 1941; Social Framework of the American Economy (with J.R. Hicks), 1945; Jobs and Markets (with M. de Chazeau, G.C. Means, H. Stein, and T.O. Yntema), 1946; Money, Debt, and Economic Activity, 1948; Defense without Inflation, 1951; and Financing Defense (with E. Cary Brown), 1951.

JACOB HARTOG* of the Netherlands Economic Institute participated in the research of the Commission as Rockefeller Fellow in 1947–48. His research interests include models of international trade and problems of western European economic integration.

I.N. HERSTEIN (B.Sc., University of Manitoba, 1945; M.A., University of Toronto, 1946; Ph.D. in mathematics, Indiana University, 1948) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission in late 1951 as a research associate with the complimentary rank of assistant professor, and at the same time was appointed a research associate in the Department of Mathematics, University of Chicago. Effective July 1952, he was appointed to the faculty of the Commission as an assistant professor. Prior to his association with the Commission he held a traveling fellowship in 1946; was an instructor at the University of Kansas, 1948–50; and a visiting lecturer at Ohio State University, 1950–51. Currently he is working on the development of mathematical tools for economists, especially in matrix theory, and is continuing his mathematical research in group and ring theory. Herstein is a member of Sigma Xi and Pi Mu Epsilon. His articles have appeared in the American Journal of Mathematics, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Canadian Journal of Mathematics, Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, Pacific Journal of Mathematics, and Publicationes Mathematicac.
     See CFPs by I.N. Hernstein

CLIFFORD HILDRETH (AB., University of Kansas, 1939; M.S., 1941 and Ph.D., 1947, Iowa State College) joined the staff in January 1949, as assistant professor in the Cowles Commission and research associate in the Department of Economics under a joint appointment with the Agricultural Economics Research Group. Prior to coming to the University of Chicago, he held appointments at Iowa State College as a graduate assistant, 1939–41; as instructor and research associate, 1941–43, and 1946–47; as assistant professor (joint appointment with the Agricultural Experimental Station and Statistical Laboratory) 1947–48; and as associate professor, Department of Economics and Sociology, and research associate professor, Statistical Laboratory, 1948. From April 1943, to January 1946, he was on active duty with the U.S. Navy, where he was air navigator with the Naval Air Transport Service. In July 1950, he was promoted to associate professor in the Cowles Commission and to research associate (associate professor) in the Department of Economics. He is currently engaged in a statistical study of supply and demand for livestock products in the United States. Since June 1950, he has consulted with the U.S. Treasury Department on estimating effects of excise taxes. His publications have appeared in the American Economic Review, Journal of Farm Economics, and Quarterly Journal of Economics. Contributions by Hildreth have appeared in Paying for Defense, 1941, and Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951.
     See CFPs by Clifford Hildreth

WILLIAM C. HOOD (Ph.D., University of Toronto, 1948) joined the Cowles Commission as research associate in September 1949, at which time he also became a postdoctoral fellow in political economy at the University of Chicago. He was a member of the Department of Economics of the University of Saskatchewan, 1944–46, and of the Department of Economics of the University of Toronto, 1946–49. Earlier, during the war, he served as a meteorologist attached to the Royal Canadian Air Force. In July 1950, he returned to the University of Toronto as assistant professor of economics, at which time he became a research consultant of the Cowles Commission. His current research concerns certain problems of aggregation in economics such as the optimum degree of grouping of variables for decision-making purposes by firms. He has published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, the Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, and Econometrica. He is a contributor to and co-editor (with T.C. Koopmans) of Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).

H.S. HOUTHAKKER (B.A. in economics, 1947 and Doctorandus in economics, 1949, University of Amsterdam) was at the University of Cambridge, 1949–51, as a junior research worker and later as a research officer. He came to the Cowles Commission in January 1952, as an assistant professor. At present he is doing empirical research on dynamic economics with special reference to futures trading. He was elected Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1952. Houthakker has published articles in De Economist, Economica, Economic Journal, Review of Economic Studies, and Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by H.S. Houthakker

LEONID HURWICZ (Ll.M., University of Warsaw, 1938) joined the Cowles Commission staff as a research associate in 1942. He studied at the London School of Economics, the Postgraduate Institute of International Studies at Geneva, the University of Chicago, and Harvard University and has held a research and teaching fellowship at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1942–44, Hurwicz was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology of the University of Chicago. He was associate director under Yntema on a study of the committee on price control and rationing. At the end of 1944 he became a full-time research associate for the Cowles Commission and also served as a consultant to the United States Army Air Force. During 1945–46 he held a fellowship of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and at the same time was on leave of absence as associate professor of economics and statistics at Iowa State College. In 1946 he became a research consultant of the Cowles Commission and in 1949, a consultant of the RAND Corporation. During the second half of 1948 he was a consultant with the U.S. Bureau of Standards. In 1949 Hurwicz joined the faculty of the University of Illinois as a research professor of economics and mathematical statistics. In October 1950, he came to the Cowles Commission on a full-time basis as a research associate and visiting professor and assumed Koopmans' research leadership in the Cowles Commission and teaching duties in the Department of Economics during the latter's absence. In September, 1951, he became professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration at the University of Minnesota. In 1946, he was an associate editor of the Journal of the American Statistical Association. He was elected to Sigma Xi in 1946. He became a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1949. Since 1950 he has been a consultant to the Bureau of the Budget on interindustry problems. Abstracts, papers, and reviews by Hurwicz have appeared in the American Economic Review, Current Economic Comment (University of Illinois), Econometrica, Journal of the American Statistical Association, and Proceedings of the International Statistical Conferences. He also contributed to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950.
     See CFPs by Leonid Hurwicz

HERBERT E. JONES (A.B., 1926 and a degree in engineering, 1928, Stanford University) was a research fellow of the Cowles Commission from April 1936, to September 1937, and continued as a research associate until his death in January 1942. While with the Commission his major studies were on cost functions associated with hydraulic pumping, the nature of regression functions in correlation analysis, statistics of time series, and differentiation between "lag hysteresis" and "skew hysteresis." Previous to coming to the Commission he had been a hydraulic engineer for the Federal Water Service Corporation in San Francisco and New York. Publications by Jones appeared in Barron’s, Econometrica, and Metron. See In Memoriam, Herbert Jones, 1904–1942.

GEORGE KATONA (Ph.D., Göttingen, 1921) joined the staff in January, 1943, as co-director of the study of price control and rationing and assumed the administrative direction of the project. At the completion of this project in January 1945, he became senior study director in the Division of Program Surveys in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He held this position until October 1946, at which time he became program director of the economic behavior program of the Survey Research Center, and also professor of economics and psychology, University of Michigan. Katona was associate editor of Der Deutsche Volkswirt, Berlin, 1926–33, as well as correspondent for the Wall Street Journal 1929–33. He worked as an economic adviser in New York, 1934–38; was with the New School for Social Research as a research associate and then lecturer, 1935–36; conducted psychological research under grants-in-aid for the Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1938–39; and conducted investigations in war economics as a Guggenheim Fellow, 1940–42. He is author of numerous articles in economic and psychological journals and of the following books: Zur Psychologie des Vergleichens und der Relationserfassung, 1934; Organizing and Memorizing, Studies in the Psychology of Learning and Teaching, 1940; War Without Inflation, The Psychological Approach to Problems of War Economy, 1942; Price Control and Business, 1945; and Psychological Analysis of Economic Behavior, 1951.
     See CFPs by George Katona

CARL N. KLAHR (M.S. in physics, 1948, and M.S. in economics and D.Sc. in physics, 1950, Carnegie Institute of Technology) was a research consultant of the Cowles Commission, 1949–50. He was a research assistant in econometrics, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1947–48; Atomic Energy Commission Fellow, 1948–49; and a fellow in economics in the Mellon School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1949–50. In August 1950, he became a research engineer in problems of solid state physics and electronics, Westinghouse Research Laboratories. Since March 1952, he has been a consultant to Carnegie Institute of Technology on a research project in intrafirm analysis. Currently he is engaged in research on methods of determining pricing policy for the firm. In April and May of 1952, he gave a series of lectures in the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Institute of Technology, on statistical determination of simultaneous equations describing intrafirm production functions, which were later mimeographed for distribution. In October 1952, he will join Nuclear Development Associates, Inc., White Plains, New York. He has had articles published in Physical Review.

LAWRENCE R. KLEIN (B.A., University of California, 1942; Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1944) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission in November, 1944, as a research associate. Earlier, he was a George May Fellow and Teaching Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1943–44. In 1945 he received a post-doctoral fellowship and in 1947 a traveling fellowship from the Social Science Research Council. Prior to studying economic planning in Norway he spent a few months in Canada as a consultant to the Director General of the Economic Research Branch, Department of Reconstruction and Supply, Ottawa. From 1948 to 1951 Klein was a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Since 1949 he has been a research associate of the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan, joining the Department of Economics there in 1950 as a lecturer and the Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics as a research associate in 1951. Klein's association with the Cowles Commission was again made active in May 1951, at which time he was appointed as a research consultant. In 1948, Klein was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society. He has had several articles published in the following journals: American Economic Review, Econometrica, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Political Economy, Kyklos, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Review of Economic Studies, and Statsøkonomisk Tidsschift. He has written two books, Keynesian Revolution, 1947, and Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1921–1941, 1950. Contributions by Klein appear in Conference on Business Cycles, 1951 and Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 14, 1951.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Lawrence R. Klein

SONIA ADELSON KLEIN* was appointed a Sarah Frances Hutchinson Cowles Fellow in 1946. The fellowship was awarded to students preparing for advanced degrees in the fields of the social sciences and statistics, with preference to students who would be working on quantitative economics or mathematical statistics.

TJALLING C. KOOPMANS (Ph.D., University of Leiden, 1936) lectured at the Rotterdam School of Economics and served on the staff of the Netherlands Economic Institute, 1936–37. From 1938 to 1940 he was engaged in business-cycle research at the League of Nations in Geneva. In 1910–41 he was on the staff of the Local and State Government Section of the School for Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, and also taught statistics at New York University. In 1941–42, he was economist with the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, and in 1942–44 he was statistician to the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board at Washington. Koopmans joined the staff of the Cowles Commission in July 1944, as a research associate. In 1946 he also became an associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. In 1948 he was appointed director of research of the Commission and professor of economics at the University of Chicago. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1940, of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1941, of the American Statistical Association in 1949, and a member of the International Statistical Institute in 1951. He served as vice-president of the Econometric Society in 1949 and as president in 1950. He was a member of a committee of the Social Science Research Council on the Social Implications of Atomic Energy and Technological Change. From August 1950, to January 1951, Koopmans visited leading European centers of research and instruction in econometrics and was appointed at that time correspondent member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences in Amsterdam. He has had various articles published in the American Economic Review, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Econometrica, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Political Economy, Proceedings of the International Statistical Conferences, and Review of Economics and Statistics. He is editor of Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950, and Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951; and co-editor of Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming). Two books by Koopmans, Linear Regression Analysis of Economic Time Series, 1937, and Tanker Freight Rates and Tankship Building, 1939, have been published.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Tjalling C. Koopmans

OSCAR LANGE (Ll.D., University of Cracow, 1928) became a research associate of the Cowles Commission in September 1939. He lectured at the University of Cracow from 1931; at the Polish Free University, Warsaw, 1937; at the University of Michigan, 1936; at the University of California, 1937–38; and at Stanford University, 1938. He became an assistant professor of economics at the University of Chicago in 1938 and an associate professor the following year. He was on leave of absence as visiting professor at Columbia University during the academic year, 1941–43. He served as acting editor of Econometrica, 1943–45, when it was impossible to communicate with the editor, Ragnar Frisch. In 1945 he left the University of Chicago and the Cowles Commission to become ambassador of Poland to the United States. Currently, he is Rector and Professor at the School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Articles by Lange have appeared in the American Economic Review, Econometrica, Economic Mobilization, Encyclopaedia of Political Science, Journal of the American Statistical Association, New Leader, Political Science Quarterly, Quarterly Journal of Economics, and Review of Economic Studies. He is author of the following books: Foundations of Towns on German Law in Western Poland during the Middle Ages, 1925; The Statistical Investigation of Economic Fluctuations, 1931, Die Preisdispersion als Mittel zur statistischen Messung wirtschaftlicher Gleichgewichtsstörungen, 1932; On the Economic Theory of Socialism, 1938; Price Flexibility and Employment, 1945; and Theory of Statistics, 1952.
     See CFPs by Oscar Lange

DICKSON H. LEAVENS (B. A., 1909 and M.A. in mathematics, 1915, Yale University) is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. He taught at the College of Yale in China, Changsha, 1909–28 and was treasurer from 1916 to 1928. From 1929 to 1933 he was on the research staff of the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. In 1934 he served in China and India as a special agent of the U.S. Treasury Department to investigate the silver situation. Leavens was a research associate of the Cowles Commission, 1936–47, and in addition served as managing editor of Econometrica, 1937–48. In 1943 he taught mathematics to students in the Army Specialized Training Program. Leavens has specialized in the monetary use of silver. He is now living in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Articles by him have been published in American Economic Review, American Mathematical Monthly, American Statistician, Annalist, Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, Chinese Economic Journal, Econometrica, Engineering and Mining Journal, Financial News (Bombay), Finance and Commerce (Shanghai), Harvard Business Review, Journal of Accountancy, Journal of American Statistical Association, The Mineral Industry (yearbook), Popular Astronomy, Review of Economics and Statistics, and Trusts and Estates. He is author of Problems in Business Statistics (with Theodore H. Brown), 1931 and Silver Money, 1939.
     See CFPs by Dickson H. Leavens

ERICH L. LEHMANN (M.A., 1942. and Ph.D., 1946, University of California) has been on the teaching staff of the University of California since 1942, and is now an associate professor of mathematics in the Statistical Laboratory at that institution. He was on leave in 1944–45 as operations analyst with the U.S. Air Force; in 1950–51 to teach at Columbia University and Princeton University; and in 1951–52 as visiting associate professor at Stanford University. Lehmann was appointed a research consultant of the Cowles Commission in 1951. He has been elected as the incoming editor of the Annals of Mathematical Statistics. Publications by Lehmann have appeared in Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Acadimie des Sciences, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Mathematical Reviews, Proceedings of the First Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Sankhya, and Scripta Mathematica.

ROY B. LEIPNIK (S.M., University of Chicago, 1948; Ph.D. in mathematics, University of California, 1950) was on the staff of the Commission as a research assistant, 1945–46. He was an associate in mathematics in 1946–48 at the University of California; a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1948–50; and since 1950 has been an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Washington. His current research interests include distribution of serial correlation in a continuous stochastic process, operational calculus, inversion of nonlinear operators and distribution of quotients. In 1949–50 he was chairman of the Princeton Chapter, Federation of American Scientists. Papers by Leipnik have been published in the Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Bulletin of American Mathematical Society, and Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. He has also contributed to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950.
     See CFPs by Roy B. Leipnik

JULES LEVEUGLE*, Institut National de la Statistique, Paris, participated in the research discussions of the Commission in 1949–50. His current research is in estimates of national income for French Colonies.

HAROLD GREGG LEWIS (A.B., 1936 and Ph.D., 1947, University of Chicago) came to the Commission as a research associate in 1939. From 1943 to 1945 he was on leave of absence to act as executive secretary and later assistant wage stabilization director of the Chicago Regional Office of the War Labor Board. In 1945 he served in the army, resumed his teaching at the University of Chicago in the autumn quarter, and became a research consultant of the Cowles Commission, continuing in that capacity through 1946. He is now an associate professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Earlier Lewis was a university fellow in economics at the University of Chicago, 1937–38; fellow of the Brookings Institution, 1938–39; instructor in economics, University of Chicago 1939–46. His current research interests include a study of the scientific content of various theories of the labor market. Papers by Lewis have been published in the American Economic Review, Econometrica, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Business, Journal of Political Economy, and Review of Economic Studies. He is co-author (with Paul H. Douglas) of Studies in Consumer Expenditures, 1947.

SIRO LOMBARDINI* came to the Cowles Commission though the co-operation of the Fulbright fellowship program and the Institute of International Education. He maintained contact with the work of the Commission from his arrival in October 1950, until June 1951, at which time he returned to Italy to join the faculty of the University of Milan.

C.B. McGUIRE (B.A. in economics and political science, University of Minnesota, 1949) became a research assistant at the Cowles Commission in January 1952. Earlier he served in the Navy, 1943–46, and attended the University of Minnesota, 1946–49, and the University of Chicago, 1949–52. Currently McGuire is working on problems of highway capacity and utilization.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by C.B. McGuire

FRANCIS McINTYRE (A.B., Stanford University, 1931; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1941) was a research associate of the Cowles Commission from 1937–40. He was a research assistant of the Social Science Research Committee, 1931–32, and a university fellow in economics, 1932–34, University of Chicago. He was an instructor in statistics and economics at Stanford University, 1934–37, and associate professor of economics at Colorado College, 1937–39. In 1939–40 he was on leave of absence as assistant professor of economics at Stanford University, resigning from the Commission in 1940 to become assistant professor of economics and statistics, Indiana University. In 1942 he was made associate professor, but was on leave of absence to serve as program officer, Lend Lease Administration, 1942–43, and program officer and chief, Program Coordination Staff, Foreign Economic Administration, 1943–45. In 1945 he served as member of the United States Delegation, UNRRA Conference, London. McIntyre was deputy director, Requirements and Supply Branch (later director, Export Control Branch), Office of International Trade, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1946–47. In 1947–49, he was assistant director and later acting director of the Office of International Trade, U.S. Department of Commerce. Since 1949 he has been director of economic research, California Texas Oil Company, Ltd., New York.

PIERRE MAILLET* (Ingénieur Ecole Polytechnique, 1946; Ingénieur Civil des Mines, 1948) Stagiaire de Recherches au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, participated in the research discussions of the Commission during 1949–50. At present he is associated with Professor F. Divisia of the Ecole Polytechnique in the development of an input-output research project. He has had papers published in the Revue d’economie politique.

EDMOND MALINVAUD* of the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Paris, was at the Commission as a Rockefeller Fellow from July 1950 through June 1951. Currently he is an active participant in the econometric seminars conducted in Paris by Professors Allais and Roy. In March 1952, he was appointed as an associate editor of Econometrica. His research is concerned with the theory of econometric models and the principles which should underlie the aggregation of variables and relations when a model is built for use in economic policy.
     See CFPs by Edmond Malinvaud

STEN MALMQUIST*, Statistical Institute of the University of Uppsala, Sweden, was in residence at the Commission as a guest from November 1950 through March 1951. His research interests include the study of demand for rationed commodities and econometric methods in general.

HARRY MARKOWITZ (M.A., University of Chicago, 1950) became a research assistant of the Cowles Commission in October 1949. In 1950 he held a University of Chicago fellowship in the Department of Economics. In 1950–51 he was a research fellow of the Cowles Commission and a fellow of the Social Science Research Council. Currently he is with the RAND Corporation. He has published articles in the Journal of Finance and the Journal of Political Economy.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Harry Markowitz

JACOB MARSCHAK (Ph.D., University of Heidelberg, 1922; M.A. by decree from the University of Oxford, 1935) studied at the Technological Institute at Kiev, and at the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. Marschak accepted appointment as research director of the Cowles Commission and as professor of economics in the University of Chicago in January 1943. His past teaching positions include assistant professor at the University of Heidelberg, 1930–33; Chichele lecturer in economics at All Souls College, Oxford University, 1933–35; reader in statistics and director of the Institute of Statistics, Oxford University, 1935–39; professor of economics, Graduate Faculty of Social and Political Science, New York, 1939–42. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, served as vice-president in 1944 and 1945 and as president in 1946, and continued on the Council of the Society through 1949. He served on the executive committee of the Conference on Research on Income and Wealth from 1943 to 1947 and was its chairman in 1948. He was a vice-president of the American Statistical Association, a director of its Chicago Chapter, a collaborating editor of the Journal of the American Statistical Association, and was elected Fellow of that Association in 1947. Marschak was elected a member of the International Statistical Institute in 1948. He served on the Committee on Social Aspects of Atomic Energy of the Social Science Research Council in 1946–49 and was co-director of the study on economic aspects of atomic power. He served as a member of the organizing and editorial committees of the Universities–National Bureau Conference on Business Cycles Research in the fall of 1949. He has been a member of the editorial board of Econometrica, 1943–46, and Human Relations since 1948, a member of the editorial board of Metroeconomica since 1951, and cooperates in the editing of the Journal of Political Economy. During the winter quarter of 1948 Marschak was visiting professor at the National University of Mexico and at the University of Buffalo. Marschak resigned as director of research in June 1948, but continued as senior research associate of the Commission and as professor of economics at the University of Chicago. In 1950 he became a consultant of the RAND Corporation and a member of an inter-society committee on the mathematical training of social scientists. In 1951 he became principal investigator of the project on decision-making under uncertainty; he participated in the Colloquium on Risk and Uncertainty convened by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. Since Marschak joined the Cowles Commission, he has published articles and papers in American Economic Review, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Econometrica, Journal of Political Economy, Mathematical Reviews, Metroeconomica, and Review of Economics and Statistics. He is author of Die Lohndiskussion, 1931; author of Die Elastizetat der Nachfrage, 1931; co-author of Kapitalbildung, 1936; co-editor of Management in Russian Industry and Agriculture, and author of the Introduction, 1944; co-author of Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950; wrote the introduction to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950; and is a contributor to Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Jacob Marschak

ANDREW MARSHALL* as a graduate student in the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago, worked closely with the Commission from September, 1948 to March, 1949, in a study of the Klein model, the subject of his M.A. thesis in economics. He is at present an economist at the RAND Corporation.

KENNETH O. MAY (A.B., 1936; M.A., 1937; Ph.D., 1946, all in mathematics, University of California) was associated with the Commission as a research consultant in 1946 and 1947. He was a fellow in mathematics at the University of California, 1936–37 and 1939–40. During the interim he was a traveling fellow of the Institute of Current World Affairs, studying at the University of London and University of Paris. May served in the 87th Mountain Infantry in the Aleutians, 1943, and in Italy, 1945. He was an instructor at the University Study Center, Florence, Italy. In the summer of 1947, he taught at the University of Minnesota. Since 1946 he has been a professor at Carleton College, becoming a full professor and chairman of the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy in 1952. At present he is interested in theory of choice, production function, theory of value, and mathematics for economists. He is an associate editor of Econometrica. May is a member of Sigma Xi and Phi Beta Kappa. Articles by him have been published in the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Econometrica, Economic Journal, Mathematics Magazine, Mathematical Monthly, and Review of Economic Studies. He is the author of Elementary Analysis, 1952.
     See CFPs by Kenneth O. May

HORST MENDERSHAUSEN (Ph.D., University of Geneva, 1937) joined the staff as a research fellow in November, 1938. Between the years 1930 and 1937 he studied at the Universities of Freiburg, Heidelberg, Berlin, and Geneva, and the Graduate Institute of International Studies at Geneva. During 1937–38 he held a fellowship of the Rockefeller Foundation. He left the staff of the Commission in September 1939, to join the Faculty of Colorado College. Since that time he has been associated with the National Bureau of Economic Research and with Bennington College; assistant chief of price control of the U.S. Military Government of Germany, 1946–48; joined the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 1949; visiting professor, University of Minnesota, 1950; staff member of the President's Materials Policy Commission, 1951–52; and is now a member of the Currie mission to Caldas, Colombia. He is the author of two books: Changes of Seasonality in the Building Industry, 1937, and The Economics of War, 1940. He has also published several papers on economic and statistical topics.

FRANCO MODIGLIANI (D.Jr., University of Rome, 1939; D.Soc.Sc., New School for Social Research, 1944) joined the Cowles Commission as a research associate in September, 1948, at which time he also became a fellow in political economy at the University of Chicago. During 1941–42, he held the Halle fellowship at the New School. He was interim instructor in economics and statistics, New Jersey College for Women, (Rutgers University), in the spring of 1942; instructor at Bard College of Columbia University, summer, 1942, and associate until 1945. At that time he returned to the New School for Social Research and remained there until coming to the University of Chicago. In November 1948, he became an associate professor in the Bureau of Economic and Business Research, a member of the Department of Economics of the University of Illinois, and continued his association with the Cowles Commission as a research consultant. He is now serving on the executive committee for the National Conference on Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. In the fall of 1952, he will leave the University of Illinois to assume teaching duties at Carnegie Institute of Technology. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1949. Papers by Modigliani have appeared in Econometrica, Proceedings Supplement of the American Economic Review, and Studies in Income and Wealth.

FRANçOIS MORIN* graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique and the Ecole Supérieure des Mines, both of Paris. He is at present Ingénieur du Corps des Mines. He came to the University under a fellowship awarded by the Rotary International and contributed discussion papers entitled Note on an Inventory Problem Discussed by Modigliani and Hohn" and "Linear Activity Analysis and International Trade."

JACOB L. MOSAK (A.B., 1935 and Ph.D., 1941; University of Chicago) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission as a research associate in September 1939. He was a research assistant to Henry Schultz at the University of Chicago, 1935–38; Social Science Research Council Fellow, 1938–39; instructor in economics at the University of Chicago, 1939–41. In 1941 he was on leave of absence, and held various positions in the Research Division of the Office of Price Administration, resigning from the Commission's staff at the end of 1945. He was chief of the Stabilization Division of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, 1946–47. In 1947 he became an economic affairs officer with the United Nations and has been visiting lecturer in economics at Columbia University since 1948. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society. His articles have appeared in American Economic Review, Econometrica, and Journal of the American Statistical Association. Mosak is the author of General-Equilibrium Theory in International Trade, 1944.

WILLIAM F.C. NELSON (A.B., University of Toronto, 192.1), from 1932 until his death in May, 1936, was a research associate of the Cowles Commission. He also served as assistant editor of Econometrica, and was a lecturer in statistics at Colorado College. He is a co-author of Elements of Statistics, 1937.

WILLIAM PARRISH (A.B., Dartmouth College) came to the University of Chicago for graduate work in statistics. In 1949 he joined the computation staff of the Cowles Commission, becoming computation leader in July 1951. Later that year he left the Commission to become statistician in the Market Analysis Department of General Mills, Inc. As computation leader, he devised methods and procedures for numerical development and testing of research projects of the staff.

DON PATINKIN (B.A., 1943; A.M., 1945; Ph.D., 1947; University of Chicago) joined the staff as a research assistant in May 1946. In July 1947, he was appointed research associate in the Cowles Commission and assistant professor of economics in the University of Chicago. He held these positions until June 1948, when he became associate professor of economics at the University of Illinois. Since February 1949, he has been on the economics faculty at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Patinkin held the Harper fellowship at the University of Chicago in 1945–46, and a predoctoral fellowship of the Social Science Research Council in 1946–47. His articles have been published in the American Economic Review, Econometrica, Economic Journal, Jewish Social Studies, Metroeconomica, Quarterly Journal of Economics, and Review of Economic Studies.
     See CFPs by Don Patinkin

GEORGE PERAZICH (B.S. in electrical engineering, University of California, 1933) joined the staff in March 1947, as a research associate on the study of the economics of atomic energy. In October 1947, he left Chicago but continued as a part-time research consultant until the end of the year. Perazich was with the National Research Project, Philadelphia, as engineer in charge of studies in technology and industrial techniques, 1935–40. For two years he was assistant director and consulting engineer, Research Advisory Service, Buffalo, New York. From 1944 to 1947 he served overseas with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration as director of industrial rehabilitation and deputy chief of supply. He is senior author of Industrial Research and Changing Technology, Industrial Instruments and Changing Technology, and Mechanization in the Cement Industry, and author of several technical articles and special surveys. He contributed to Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950.

ALAN PREST* of the Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, was at the Commission as a Rockefeller Fellow in the Fall of 1948. Among his research interests are the econometric theory of demand over long periods.

ROY RADNER (Ph.B., 1945, and M.S., 1951; University of Chicago) studied under a William Cook scholarship at the University of Chicago, 1944–45. After three years in the armed forces, he returned to the University to complete his studies. He became a research assistant of the Commission in March 1951, and a research associate in November of that year. He is currently conducting research in the theory of statistical decision-making.
     See CFDPs and CFPs by Roy Radner

GEORGE RASCH*, statistician of the State Serum Institute, University of Copenhagen, was on the staff of the Commission and a fellow of the University of Chicago in 1947. He collaborated with Koopmans and Reiersøl in a comparative study of problems of specification and identification, arising in econometrics, psychology, and biology.

OLAV REIERSØL (M.A., University of Oslo, 1935; Ph.D., University of Stockholm, 1945) joined the Commission as a research fellow for the summer of 1949 after serving as visiting professor of mathematics at Purdue University, 1948–49. He is now assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Oslo. Reiersøl was a research assistant to Professor Frisch at the University Institute of Economics in Oslo, 1936–37, and the instructor in mathematical statistics at the University of Oslo, 1938–46, except for the latter part of the war when he took refuge in Sweden. In the spring of 1946 he studied at the University of Cambridge as a fellow of the British Council. After that he received a Rockefeller fellowship under which he studied at Columbia University, University of North Carolina, University of Chicago, and University of California, Berkeley. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1950, and a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1952. Articles by him have appeared in Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Arkiv för Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, Econometrica, Portugaliae Mathematica, Psychometrika, and Skandinavisk Aktuarietidskrift.
     See CFPs by Olav Reiersøl

STANLEY REITER (A. B., Queens College, 1947; M.A., University of Chicago, 1950) assisted the Cowles Commission, summer of 1948, while a graduate student in economics at the University of Chicago, and rejoined the Commission as a research assistant in March 1949. Earlier he was at Queens College, 1941–43, and again from 1945–47, following service in the army. In December 1949, Reiter became a research associate of the Commission in which capacity he remained until joining the economics staff at Stanford University in September, 1950, at which institution he is now an assistant professor. He contributed to Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951.
     See CFPs by Stanley Reiter

CHARLES F. ROOS (B.A., 1921; M.A., 1924; Ph.D., 1926; Rice Institute) was director of research of the Cowles Commission from September, 1934, to January, 1937. He was National Research Council Fellow in mathematics 1926–28; assistant professor of mathematics at Cornell University, 1928–31; secretary of Section K (economics, sociology, and statistics), American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1928–31, and permanent secretary and member of the executive committee of that organization, 1931–33; fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1933; director of research, National Recovery Administration, 1933–34; and professor of econometrics, Colorado College, 1934–37. He was one of the founders of the Econometric Society; secretary-treasurer, 1931–32; secretary, 1932–36; vice-president, 1947; and president, 1948. He is a Fellow and has been a member of the council of the Society. He is a member of the International Statistical Institute and a Fellow of both the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He resigned from the staff of the Commission in January 1937, to accept a business research position and later organized the Institute of Applied Econometrics, Inc., now called The Econometric Institute, Inc. He is now president of that organization. Approximately 60 papers on economics, statistics, and mathematics have been published in the American Journal of Mathematics, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Econometrica, Metron, Journal of Political Economy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. He is author of the following books: Dynamic Economics, 1934; NRA Economic Planning, 1937; Economic Measures, 1938; Dynamics of Automobile Demand, 1939; and Charting the Course of Your Business, 1948.

HERMAN RUBIN (B.S., 1944; M.S., 1945; Ph.D., 1948; University of Chicago) joined the staff as a research assistant in July 1944; he served in the U.S. Army from March to December 1945, returning to the staff in January 1946. He became a research associate in November 1946. In September 1947, he became a research fellow with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, continuing his association with the Cowles Commission as a research consultant. The following year he was in residence at the Commission as a research associate and concurrently taught at Illinois Institute of Technology. In September 1949, he joined the faculty at Stanford University as acting assistant professor of statistics and again became a research consultant. Publications by Rubin have appeared in Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Econometrica, and Review of Economic Studies. He has also contributed to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950; and Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).
     See CFPs by Herman Rubin

ERIK RUIST*, of the Swedish Institute for Industrial, Economic, and Social Research, was a guest from January to May 1949. His research interests include the statistical aspects of the theory of production and allocation of resources, and the econometric study of demand over long periods.

SAM H. SCHURR (B.A., 1938 and M.A., 1939, Rutgers University) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission in the autumn of 1946 as co-director (with the rank of assistant professor) of the study of the economics of atomic energy. In December 1948, he became a research consultant of the Commission, remaining in that capacity until the report on the project was brought into publication in 1950. Schurr was on the research staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research, 1939–43; economist, Office of Strategic Services, 1943–45; economic adviser to U.S. Representative, Allied Commission on Reparations, 1945–46; and chief, Manufacturing and Mining Branch, Division of Interindustry Economics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1949–50; and associate director of the Teaching Institute of Economics, American University, 1949–50. In June 1950, he became chief economist of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. He is co-author of The Mining Industries, 1899–1939: A Study of Output, Employment and Productivity, 1944, and co-editor of Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950.]

MILTON F. SEARL was a research consultant in the Cowles Commission project on economic aspects of atomic power. He received a degree in economics from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1948. He is the author of Chapter XII, "Residential Heating," Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950. Searl is employed as an economist by the Stanolind Oil and Gas Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

HERBERT A. SIMON (A.B., 1936, and Ph.D., 1943, University of Chicago) has been a research consultant of the Cowles Commission since April 1947. He was a research assistant at the University of Chicago, 1937–38; with the Bureau of Public Administration, University of California, 1939–42; and with Illinois Institute of Technology as assistant professor of political science, 1942–45, associate professor, 1945–47, chairman of the Department of Political and Social Science, 1946–49, and full professor, 1947–49. He served as a consultant for the U.S. Bureau of the Budget, 1946–49, for the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1947, and for the Economic Cooperation Administration, 1948. Since 1949, he has been at Carnegie Institute of Technology as professor of administration and head of the Department of Industrial Management. Simon is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. His principal area of research is organization theory. He is author of articles published in the American Sociological Review, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Econometrica, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Philosophical Magazine, Public Administration Review, Public Management, and Quarterly Journal of Economics. He is the author of Fiscal Aspects of Metropolitan Consolidation, 1943, and Administrative Behavior, 1947, and co-author of the following: Measuring Municipal Activities, 1938; Determining Work Loads for Professional Staff in a Public Welfare Agency, 1941; Fire Risks and Fire Losses, 1943; Technique of Municipal Administration, 1945; and Public Administration, 1950. He has contributed to Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950; Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, 1951; and Studies in Econometric Method (forthcoming).
     See CFPs by Herbert A. Simon

WILLIAM B. SIMPSON (A.B. in mathematics, 1942, Reed College; M.A. in mathematical economics and mathematical statistics, 1943, Columbia University) joined the staff of the Cowles Commission as research associate and assistant director of research in May, 1948. He served as acting director of research from August 1950 through January 1951, and in July 1951, was appointed executive director of the Commission. Prior to his association with the Commission he was successively Fletcher Scholar, Kerr Scholar, and Whitcomb Scholar in economics and statistics at Reed College, 1938–42; was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, 1942; and was graduate resident scholar in economics, 1942–43, and on leave from university fellowship, 1943–46, Columbia University. He was research assistant in statistics, 1940–41 and teaching assistant in economics and statistics, 1941–42 at Reed College; prepared comparative wage studies in the lumber industry for the National Defense Mediation Board, winter, 1941; and revised the statistical techniques employed in forest management administration for the General Land Office of the Department of Interior, summer, 1942. During the war, he was a special agent for the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, serving among other things as head of the banking and economic section of the Manila Counter Intelligence Office. In late 1945 and 1946 he had responsibilities in Japan in connection with the War Department and the War Crimes Commission and was a special representative of the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers on political affairs and labor relations in northern Honshu. From September 1946, until joining the Cowles Commission in 1948, he was engaged in research in economics as a fellow of the Social Science Research Council at the University of Chicago, except for temporary duty during late 1947 with the Legal Section in Tokyo as consultant to the Secretary of the Army. In September 1948, Simpson was elected secretary of the Econometric Society by the Council of the Society, and was re-elected to that position in subsequent years. In May 1952, he submitted his resignation as secretary of the Society, to become effective in October. In addition he has served as managing editor of Econometrica from January 1949, and as co-editor of that journal since June 1951.

MORTON L. SLATER (B.A., Swarthmore College, 1941; M.A., University of Wisconsin, 1942; Ph.D., Harvard University, 1949) was with the Cowles Commission as a research associate (with the rank of assistant professor) from January, 1950 through July, 1951. Earlier he was employed by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. as a statistician in late 1942, after which he served in the U.S. Naval Reserve until May 1946. Prior to joining the Commission he was with Ordnance Research Group, No. 1 in Chicago as senior mathematician from September 1948 to December 1949. In addition, he taught mathematics at Illinois Institute of Technology in the fall of 1949. Slater is now with the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. Abstracts and papers have appeared in the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society and Econometrica.
     See CFDPs by Morton L. Slater

JOHN H. SMITH (Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1941) joined the staff as a research associate in September 1940. He was research and teaching assistant in the School of Business, 1936–41, and instructor in statistics, 1941–42, the University of Chicago. In 1942, he resigned from the Commission to accept a position as statistical consultant in the office of the chief statistician, Bureau of Labor Statistics. This position he held until June 1947, when he entered upon his present position as professor of statistics and chairman of the Department of Statistics of the American University. He is now a member of the Committee on Mathematical Training of Social Scientists, and the Committee on Training of Statisticians. Smith is author of two books, Tests of Significance and How to Use Them, 1939 and Statistical Deflation in the Analysis of Economic Series, 1941.

GERHARD STOLTZ (Cand. oecon., University of Oslo, 1947) became a research assistant of the Cowles Commission in October, 1949, in connection with the study of resource allocation. Concurrently he held a fellowship from the Norwegian Department of Education and the Nationalgaven til Chr. Michelsen Foundation, 1949–50. Earlier he engaged in research at the Chr. Michelsen Institue, Bergen, Norway, 1947–48, and at the Institute of Sociology, Oslo, 1948–49. He completed his work for the Commission on resource allocation in the summer of 1950 and moved to Stanford University. In the summer of 1951 he returned to the University of Oslo, Norway.

ROBERT H. STROTZ (A.B., 1942 and Ph.D., 1951; University of Chicago) became a research consultant of the Cowles Commission in 1951. He is associate professor of economics at Northwestern University and is currently engaged in research in welfare economics and the use of analog computing in economics. Strotz is program chairman for the winter meeting of the Econometric Society in 1952. Papers by him have been published in Econometrica, Southern Economic Journal, and Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. He is co-author of Problems for Economic Analysis, 1948.
     See CFPs by Robert H. Strotz

ERLING SVERDRUP (Cand. act., University of Oslo, 1945) was a Rockefeller Fellow for the years 1949 and 1950, during which time he visited Columbia University and the Universities of California and Chicago. In addition he was a research fellow of the Cowles Commission, January through November 1950. Since that time he has been acting professor of actuarial mathematics and mathematical statistics at the University of Oslo, where earlier he worked on problems in mathematical statistics under Professor Frisch in 1946, and later taught, first as a lecturer, 1946–48, and then as an acting professor, 1948–49. He has published articles in Skandinavisk Aktuarietidskrift and Arhin föir Mathematik og Naturvidenskab.
     See CFPs by Erling Sverdrup

SAMI TEKINER, was fellow of the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago in 1944 and a research assistant for the Cowles Commission from July 1944 to June 1945. He participated in the studies on models for manufacturing industries and firms in the United States. Currently he is with European Steamship and Airways Agency in New York.

JAMES G. C. TEMPLETON (B.A., in applied mathematics University of Toronto, 1947; M.A. in mathematics, Princeton University, 1949) joined the staff in July 1950, as a research associate with responsibility for supervising the computational work of the Commission. Prior to this he spent three years at Princeton University as a graduate student in mathematical physics and mathematical statistics and as an assistant in instruction and research. In the summer of 1949 he attended the Institute for Numerical Analysis at Los Angeles. In July 1951, he left the Commission to become assistant professor of mathematics, University of Manitoba, at which institution he is now assistant professor of statistics.

GERHARD TINTNER (Ph.D., University of Vienna, 1929) studied as a postgraduate student at Harvard University, Columbia University, University of California, Stanford University, Institut Henri Poincaré, and Cambridge University. He was on the staff of the Austrian Institute of Trade Cycle Research, 1936; research fellow in economics and statistics at the Cowles Commission, 1936–37; and instructor in econometrics at Colorado College, 1937. In 1937 he joined the staff of Iowa State College as assistant professor of economics and mathematics and now holds the rank of professor of economics, mathematics, and statistics. Tintner has also served as consultant to the Office of Strategic Services, 1942; as an associate of the Office of European Economic Research, 1943; and as a statistician with the Department of Agriculture, 1944. In 1948 he became a research associate in the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge University. He lectured at several European universities while abroad and returned to Iowa State College in September 1949. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society, 1940; of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1947 and of the American Statistical Association, 1951. He was a member of the editorial board, and is now an associate editor and book review editor of Econometrica. In addition, he is a member of the editorial board of Metroeconomica. Currently Tintner is interested in foundations of probability and statistical inference, multivariate analysis, computational problems in regression analysis and stochastic linear programming. Among the journals in which his articles have appeared are: Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Econometrica, Iowa State College Journal of Science, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Farm Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Metroeconomica, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Review of Economics and Statistics, Revue d’economie politique, Schmoller’s Jahrbuch, Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, Statistiche Vierteljahresschrift, and Zeitschrift fur Nationalökonomie. Three books have been published by Tintner: Prices in the Trade Cycle, 1935; The Variate Difference Method, 1940; and Econometrics, 1952.

JAROSLAV TUZAR*, (M.A., 1945 and D.Sc., 1948; Charles University, Prague) a Rockefeller Fellow from Charles University, Prague, came to the Commission in November 1948, and remained until January, 1950. He was assistant professor, State Technical School, Prague, 1945–48 and research assistant in economics, State College for Social and Political Sciences, Prague, 1946–48. Currently he is engaged in research on statistical control of food manufacturing process and mathematical method in physics and economics. At present he is director of research for the Salerno Megowen Biscuit Co., Chicago.

ABRAHAM WALD (Ph.D. in mathematics, University of Vienna, 1930) joined the staff as a research fellow for one year in July, 1938, but went on leave of absence in September to accept a Carnegie fellowship at Columbia University, where he continued as lecturer in statistics. He was a native of Cluj, Rumania, and for several years a collaborator of Karl Menger at the University of Vienna and also of Oskar Morgenstern at the Institute for Business Cycle Research in Vienna. Before coming to the United States he held a fellowship from the Geneva Research Center in Switzerland, where he was engaged in the study of economic problems. His special topic of investigation during his connection with the Commission was index numbers and family incomes. In 1939 Wald was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society. In 1948 he was president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and vice-president of the American Statistical Association. Wald taught at Columbia University for many years, becoming professor of mathematical statistics and head of the Department there. In 1950 he was invited by the Indian Government to lecture at Indian universities, but he met tragic death in an airplane crash in India. During his life he published more than 90 articles and books. Some of his articles have been published in American Mathematical Monthly, Econometrica, Ergebnisse eines Mathematischen Kolloquiums, and Zeitschrifr für Natökonomie. Among his books are Berechnung und Ausschaltung von Saisonschwankungen, 1936; Sequential Analysis, 1945; Statistical Decision Functions, 1950. He contributed to Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, 1950.

DICK VAN DONGEN TORMAN* was a guest of the Commission as a Rockefeller Fellow from Rotterdam in late 1947 and early 1948 while working on the measurement of production functions.

DANIEL WATERMAN (B.A., Brooklyn College, 1947; M.A., Johns Hopkins University, 1948) became a research associate of the Cowles Commission in July 1951, while completing his work for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Chicago. He is responsible for the direction of the computation laboratory of the Commission. Prior to joining the Commission he was an instructor at Brooklyn College, 1947; junior instructor at the Johns Hopkins University and University Scholar, 1947–48; and teaching assistant and Strong Fellow at the University of Chicago, 1948–51. During the summers of 1948 and 1949 he served as a mathematician in the Ballistics Research Laboratory. He is a member of Sigma Xi. In 1952–53 Waterman will be at the University of Vienna as a Fulbright Scholar. A paper by him has been published in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society.

HAROLD H. WEIN was a research consultant in the Cowles Commission project on the economics of atomic power. He is the author of Chapter X, "Iron and Steel," Economic Aspects of Atomic Power, 1950. He is a member of the U.S. Department of Justice.

ISAMU YAMADA* was a guest of the Cowles Commission, March–April 1951. Yamada was commissioned by the Japanese government to study recent developments in econometrics and in social accounting in the United States. While he was at the Cowles Commission, he participated in staff seminars and meetings. He is professor of economics at Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan.

THEODORE O. YNTEMA (A.B., Hope College, 1921; A.M., 1922. and C.P.A., 1924, University of Illinois; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1929) became director of research of the Cowles Commission at the time of the move to Chicago in September, 1939. He joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1923, and was professor of statistics in the School of Business, 1930–44, and professor of business and economic policy, 1944–49. He was economic consultant in the National Recovery Administration, 1934–35; head of economics And statistics in the Division of Industrial Materials of the Defense Commission, 1940; consulting economist and statistician for the United States Steel Corporation, 1938–40; consultant in the War Shipping Administration 1942; director of research of the Committee for Economic Development, 1942–49; consulting economist for Stein Roe & Farnham, 1945–49; consulting economist, Lord, Abbett & Co., 1946–49; consulting economist, Ford Motor Company, 1947–49; and consultant for the Economic Stabilization Agency, 1951. Since 1940 Yntema has been a director of the National Bureau of Economic Research. In 1949 Yntema joined Ford Motor Company as vice president-finance and since 1950 a director of the Company. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and of the American Statistical Association. He is author of A Mathematical Reformulation of the Theory of International Trade, 1932, and co-author of Jobs and Markets, 1946. Yntema also directed most of the research leading to Volume I of TNEC Studies, published by the United States Steel Corporation, and from 1942–49 also planned and directed most of the research leading to the Research Reports of the Committee for Economic Development.

In addition to the above, the following also participated in seminars and staff meetings of the Commission during the July 1951–June 1952 period:

CLYDE H. COOMBS, psychologist at the University of Michigan
DON DALY, economist at the Department of Trade and Commerce, Canadian Government
ULF GRENANDER, mathematician and statistician on leave from the University of Stockholm
WILLIAM HAMBURGER, economist, University of Chicago
MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS, anthropologist, Northwestern University
JACK HIRSCHLEIFER, economist at the RAND Corporation
CHARLES HOLT, Carnegie Institute of Technology
HERBERT D. LANDAHL, mathematical biophysicist, University of Chicago
ABBA P. LERNER, economist, Roosevelt College
I.M.D. LITTLE, economist, Oxford University
KARL MENGER, mathematician, Illinois Institute of Technology
JAMES G. MILLER, psychologist, University of Chicago
JOHN MILNOR, mathematician, Princeton University
HOWARD RAIFFA, mathematician, University of Michigan
RONALD W. SHEPHARD, mathematical economist, RAND Corporation
ROBERT M. THRALL, mathematician, University of Michigan
G.S. WATSON, mathematical statistician, University of Melbourne

Cowles Commission Seminars, 1951–1952

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