THE VARIATE DIFFERENCE METHOD

by
GERHARD TINTNER
Principia Press, Inc.
Bloomington, Indiana
1940
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface  [Preliminary pages]
Chapter  Page 
I  Introduction 1 
II  History and Literature of the Variate Difference Method 10 
III  Criticism of the Variate Difference Method 16 
IV  Fundamental Concepts 22 
V  The Calculation of the Variances of the Finite Difference 32 
VI  The Standard Error of the Difference between the Variation of Two Consecutive Series
of Finite Differences		 51 
VII  Criteria for the Stability of the Variances of the Series of Finite Differences 67 
VIII  A Test of Significance for the Stability of Variances of the Series of Finite Differences 73 
IX  Reduction of the Random Variation by Sheppard's Smoothing Formulae 100 
X  Correlation 117 

APPENDICES
I  Summary of Computations 133 
II  Mathematical Notes 136 
III  Seasonal Variation 150 
IV  The Standard Errors of Some Derived Statistical Series 153 
V  Alternative Methods 155 
VI  The Variability of the Random Variance through Time 161 
VII  The Normality of the Random Element 165 

INDEXES
Index of Author 171 
Index of Subjects